Han Purple ose Han Lejla \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pigment artificial i krijuar nga kinez\u00ebt mbi 2500 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, i cili u p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb pikturat n\u00eb mur dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbukuruar luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb terrakot\u00ebs, si dhe qeramika, sende metalike dhe bizhuteri. Pigmenti \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mrekulli teknologjike, e b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb procesi kompleks t\u00eb bluarjes s\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebve t\u00eb para n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb sakta dhe ngrohjes n\u00eb temperatura t\u00eb pabesueshme. Procesi ishte kaq i nd\u00ebrlikuar, sa q\u00eb nuk u rind\u00ebrtua p\u00ebrs\u00ebri deri n\u00eb 1992, kur kimist\u00ebt m\u00eb n\u00eb fund ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb identifikonin p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e tij. Por ky ishte vet\u00ebm fillimi. Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb lajmeve n\u00eb parleralbania.com, hulumtimi q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb ka zbuluar veti mahnit\u00ebse t\u00eb Han Lejla, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar rrezet e fuqishme t\u00eb drit\u00ebs n\u00eb intervalin af\u00ebr infra t\u00eb kuqe, si dhe t\u00eb qenit n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb shemb\u00eb tre dimensione deri n\u00eb dy n\u00ebn kushtet e duhura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prodhimi i Han Lejla, i njohur ndryshe si vjollc\u00eb kineze, daton q\u00eb nga viti 800 para Krishtit, megjithat\u00eb duket se nuk ishte p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb art deri n\u00eb dinastit\u00eb Qin dhe Han (221 pes – 220 pas Krishtit), kur u aplikua n\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00eb me fam\u00eb bot\u00ebrore terrakote, si dhe qeramika dhe sende t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cPara shekullit t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb, kur metodat moderne t\u00eb prodhimit i b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme pigmentet sintetike, kishte vet\u00ebm ngjyra shum\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta ngjyr\u00eb vjollce, disa minerale t\u00eb purpurta t\u00eb pazakonta dhe p\u00ebrzierje t\u00eb kuqe dhe blu, por jo pigment t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb vjollc\u00eb – kjo ne disa qindra vite n\u00eb Kin\u00ebn e lasht\u00eb “, shkruan Samir S. Patel n\u00eb ‘Mbret\u00ebrimi i Purpurt: Si kimist\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb kinez\u00eb i shtuan ngjyr\u00eb ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Perandorit’.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb panjohur, Han Purple u zhduk plot\u00ebsisht nga p\u00ebrdorimi pas 220 Pas Krishtit, dhe nuk u pa m\u00eb kurr\u00eb deri n\u00eb rizbulimin e saj nga kimist\u00ebt modern\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sinteza e Han Purple<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ndryshe nga ngjyrat natyrale, t\u00eb tilla si vjollca Tiriane (nga rreth 1500 pes), t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje organike dhe zakonisht b\u00ebhen nga bim\u00eb ose kafsh\u00eb, si k\u00ebrmilli murex, Han Lejla ne fakt ishte nj\u00eb pigment sintetik i b\u00ebr\u00eb nga materiale joorganike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vet\u00ebm dy pigmente t\u00eb tjera blu ose vjollc\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga njeriu dihet se kan\u00eb ekzistuar n\u00eb bot\u00ebn antike – bluja Maya (nga rreth 800 pas Krishtit), e b\u00ebr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje e nxeht\u00eb e indigo dhe argjil\u00ebs s\u00eb bardh\u00eb, dhe blu egjiptian, i cili u p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Mesdheun dhe Lindja e Af\u00ebrt dhe e Mesme nga 3,600 para Krishtit deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake. [Lexoni t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm: Egjiptian blu – pigmenti artificial m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr i njohur].
Shkenc\u00ebtarja Elisabeth FitzHugh, nj\u00eb konservatore n\u00eb Smithsonian, ishte e para q\u00eb identifikoi p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen sintetike komplekse q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn silikatin e bakrit vjollc\u00eb – barium, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje q\u00eb ndryshon nga blu egjiptian vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb bariumit n\u00eb vend t\u00eb kalciumit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngjashm\u00ebrit\u00eb midis vjollc\u00ebs Han dhe blus\u00eb Egjiptiane b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb disa studiues t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb konkludonin se Kinez\u00ebt mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pigmentin nga Egjiptian\u00ebt. Sidoqoft\u00eb, kjo teori \u00ebsht\u00eb zbritur kryesisht pasi bluja egjiptiane nuk u gjet m\u00eb n\u00eb Lindje .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Nuk ka asnj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb qart\u00eb pse kinez\u00ebt, n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishin m\u00ebsuar formul\u00ebn egjiptiane, do t\u00eb kishin z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar kalciumin me barium, i cili k\u00ebrkon rritjen e temperatur\u00ebs s\u00eb zjarrit me 100 grad\u00eb ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb”, shkruan Patel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pra, si sakt\u00ebsisht kinez\u00ebt u p\u00ebrplas\u00ebn n\u00eb formul\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrlikuar p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb Han Lejla, e cila p\u00ebrfshinte kombinimin e silic\u00ebs (r\u00ebr\u00ebs) me bak\u00ebr dhe barium n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb sakta dhe ngrohjen n\u00eb rreth 850-1000 \u00b0 C?
Nj\u00eb ekip i fizikan\u00ebve t\u00eb Stanfordit botoi nj\u00eb let\u00ebr n\u00eb Journal of Archaeological Science , e cila propozon q\u00eb Han Lejla ishte nj\u00eb n\u00ebnprodukt i procesit t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb qelqit, pasi q\u00eb t\u00eb dy qelqi dhe pigmenti vjollc\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb silic\u00eb dhe barium. Bariumi e b\u00ebn xhamin m\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm dhe me te ri, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ky pigment mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb vep\u00ebr e alkimist\u00ebve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb sintetizojn\u00eb lenden e bardh\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karakteristikat fluoreshente<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q\u00eb kur p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja e tij u zbulua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb vazhduar t\u00eb hetojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pigment unik. Studiuesit n\u00eb Muzeun Britanik zbuluan se, kur ekspozohen ndaj nj\u00eb elektriku dore t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb LED, Han Lejla l\u00ebshon rrezet e fuqishme t\u00eb drit\u00ebs n\u00eb intervalin af\u00ebr infra t\u00eb kuqe. Sipas studimit t\u00eb tyre, botuar n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, pigmentet e purpurta Han shfaqen me nj\u00eb qart\u00ebsi befasuese n\u00eb kushtet e duhura, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se edhe gjurm\u00ebt e zbehta t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb padukshme me sy t\u00eb lir\u00eb, mund t\u00eb shihen me infra t\u00eb kuqe sensor\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Han Purple dhe shembja e dimensioneve<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karakteristikat fluoreshente t\u00eb Han Lejla nuk ishin befasia e vetme. Fizikant\u00ebt kuantik\u00eb nga Stanford, Los Alamos Laborator Komb\u00ebtar dhe Instituti p\u00ebr Fizik\u00ebn e Solid State (Universiteti i Tokios) raportuan se kur Han Lejla \u00ebsht\u00eb e ekspozuar ndaj t\u00eb ftohtit ekstrem dhe nj\u00eb fushe t\u00eb lart\u00eb magnetike, struktura kimike e pigmentit hyn n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb re t\u00eb quajtur kuanti pik\u00eb kritike, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn materiali me tre dimensione ‘humbet’ nj\u00eb dimension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“Ne kemi treguar, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, se sjellja kolektive n\u00eb nj\u00eb material pjesa m\u00eb e madhe tre-dimensionale mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb vet\u00ebm dy dimensione,” tha Ian Fisher, nj\u00eb profesor asistent i fizik\u00ebs s\u00eb aplikuar n\u00eb Stanford n\u00eb Raportin e Stanfordit. “Dimensioni i ul\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs kryesor n\u00eb shum\u00eb teori ekzotike q\u00eb pretendojn\u00eb t\u00eb japin llogari p\u00ebr fenomene t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kuptuara dob\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb superp\u00ebrcjellshm\u00ebrin\u00eb n\u00eb temperatur\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, por deri m\u00eb tani nuk kishte shembuj t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb ‘zvog\u00eblimit dimensionale’ n\u00eb materialet reale.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb propozuar q\u00eb ky efekt \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb faktit se p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit e silikatit t\u00eb bakrit barium jan\u00eb rregulluar si shtresa pllakash, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ato nuk grumbullohen rregullisht. Pllakat e secil\u00ebs shtres\u00eb jan\u00eb pak t\u00eb sinkronizuar me shtres\u00ebn posht\u00eb tyre. Kjo mund t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjej\u00eb val\u00ebn dhe ta detyroj\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb dy dimensionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Studiuesit kan\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb se zbulimi mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e vetive t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara t\u00eb materialeve t\u00eb reja, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb superp\u00ebr\u00e7uesit m\u00eb ekzotik\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fisher tha, \u201cHan Purple u sintetizua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb mbi 2500 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, por ne vet\u00ebm koh\u00ebt e fundit kemi zbuluar se sa ekzotike \u00ebsht\u00eb sjellja e saj magnetike. Kjo t\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb pyes\u00ebsh se cilat materiale t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb atje q\u00eb ne ende nuk kemi filluar as t’i hulumtojm\u00eb “.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Imazhi: Detaje t\u00eb nj\u00eb pikture murale nga nj\u00eb varr i Lindjes s\u00eb Han (25 – 220 Pas Krishtit) n\u00eb Zhucun, Luoyang, provinca Henan. Piktura p\u00ebrdor pigmentin Han Purple dhe Han blu .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Han Purple ose Han Lejla \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pigment artificial i krijuar nga kinez\u00ebt mbi 2500 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, i cili u p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb pikturat n\u00eb mur dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbukuruar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[33,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bota","category-teknologji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1998"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2002,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1998\/revisions\/2002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parleralbania.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}